Unit 4: Landscape- Quick Research
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| Dale Chihuly sculpture in between tropical plants (Fairchild Garden) |
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| Vizcaya 19-- |
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| Bristol High Cross (Stourhead Cross) |
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| The Temple of Concord and Victory (Stowe) |
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| Jean Dubuffet's Jardin d'email |
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| Statues symbolizing the the Aniene River (left) and the Apennine Mountains (right) |
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| Medici Fountain |
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| Neptune's Fountain |
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| Basilica of Maxentius |
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| Basilica of Maxentius |
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| Hercules and Capus |
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| Bernini's Four Rivers Ha-has (recessed walls)--where do you find these?
A ha-ha is a recessed landscape design element that creates a vertical barrier while preserving an uninterrupted view of the landscape beyond.The design includes a turfed incline which slopes downward to a sharply vertical face, usually a masonry retaining wall. Ha-has are used in landscape design to prevent livestock to gain access to the garden, without obstructing views. They are usually found in grand country houses, the Royal Artillery Ha-ha in southeast London, asylums in Australia, and the Washington Monument for security.
Parco dei Mostri--Where, when, what's your favorite image?
Parco dei Mostri (also known as Park of the Monster, Sacro Bosco, and Garden of Bomarzo) is a Manieristic (mannerism: a style developed during the later years of Italian High Renaissance) monumental complex located in Bomarzo, in the province of Viterbo, in northern Lazio, Italy. The garden was created during the 16th century (1552). It is situated in a wooded valley by the castle of Orsini. It is the work of Pier Francesco Orsini, a 16th-century condottiero, and patron of the arts. He was greatly devoted to his wife Giulia Farnese. When Orsini's wife died, he created the gardens to cope with his grief; not made for to please but astonish. The design is attributed to Pirro Ligorio, and the sculptures to Simone Moschino.During the 19th century the garden became overgrown and neglected, but after Salvador Dalí made a short film about the park, and completed a painting actually based on the park in the 1950s, the Bettini took bought it and has taken care of it. My favorite image is the sculpture of Hercules slaughtering Cacus. The movement is so vulgar and dramatic all in the middle of nature.
Roman Forum--What function did it have? Where, when, what's your favorite image? The Roman Forum was a plaza surrounded by the ruins of several important government buildings. For many centuries the Forum was the center of day-to-day life in Rome. It was a site the site of triumphal processions and elections: as well as the venue for public speeches, criminal trials, and gladiatorial matches. it was the center of commercial affairs. One of the most important functions was for the celebratory walks of great soldiers called Triumphs (walking through the Triumphal arches).It is located in the small valley between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills. Its construction started as early as the 5th-7th century BC. My favorite image is of the Basilica of Maxentius, sitting a top most of the forum. The size and height of the domed arches as well as the inner ceiling pattern are astounding. Boboli Garden--Where, when, what's your favorite image? The Boboli Gardens, directly behind the Pitti Palaceare, are some of the first and most familiar formal 16th-century Italian gardens. The Gardens were laid out for Eleonora di Toledo, the wife of Cosimo I de' Medici. The park is in Florence, Italy, and is home to a collection of sculptures dating from the 16th through the 18th centuries, with some Roman antiquities. It is 11 acres of property. The beginning of construction started in 1550, many enlargements were added. The garden still goes through restoration to this day. My favorite image is of Neptune’s fountain. The fountain stands in the middle of a large pond, making it seem isolated. This allows the sculptures of the fountain to stand alone with no distractions; making a powerful statement. Jardin du Luxembourg--Where, when, what's your favorite image?
The Luxembourg Garden, located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, was created beginning in 1612 by Marie de' Medici, the widow of King Henry IV of FranceIt was constructed for a new residence she constructed, the Luxembourg Palace. The garden today is owned by the French Senate, which meets in the Palace. It covers 23 hectares and is known for its lawns, tree-lined promenades, flowerbeds, model sailboats on its circular basin, and picturesque Medici Fountain, built in 1620. The palace was builtin imitation of the Pitti Palace in Florence. One of the main gardeners that worked with her was Tomasso Francini. My favorite image is of the Medici fountain because of how relaxing and somber the atmosphere looks by the fountain at the end of the water, in that hidden little nook.
Tivoli Garden (Italy)--Where, when, what's your favorite image?
The Tivoli Garden (Villa d’Este) Is a 16th-century villa in Tivoli, near Rome, famous for its terraced hillside, Italian Renaissance garden, and especially for its profusion of fountains. The Villa was commissioned by Cardinal Cardinal Ipolito d’Este. Construction began in July 1560 after many attempts and interruptions. The purpose was to build a villa and gardens that would exceed anything built in the past for the cardinals of the church. Other than the ambitious fountains the murals inside the villa are extremely detailed. My favorite image is of the fountain that has a man hidden under a cave like structure and another man peeking out behind bushes. They represent the Anniene River and the Apennine Mountains.
Bernini’s Four Rivers--Where, when, what's your favorite image?
Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi (or Bernini’s Four Rivers) is a fountain in the Piazza Navona in Rome, Italy. It was designed in 1651 by Gian Lorenzo Bernini for Pope Innocent X whose family palace, the Palazzo Pamphili, faced onto the piazza as did the church of Sant'Agnese in Agone of which Innocent was the sponsor. The base of the fountain is a basin from the centre of which travertine rocks rise to support four river gods and above them, an ancient Egyptian obelisk surmounted with the Pamphili family emblem of a dove with an olive twig. Collectively, they represent four major rivers of the four continents through which papal authority (Roman Catholic doctrine stating pope’s authority) had spread: the Nile representing Africa, the Danube representing Europe, the Ganges representing Asia, and the Río de la Plata representing the Americas. My favorite image is of the fountain at an angle close up. You cannot see the obelisk, but only the size of the detail of the figures and ornament of the fountain.
Jean Dubuffet's Jardin d'Emaille--Where, when, what's your favorite image?
Jardin d’Emaille is an art garden created by Jean Dubufett in 1974. It is made of concrete, glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin, and polyurethane paint. It was made specially for the Kröller-Müller Museum, in Otterlo, Netherlands. This “garden” is very different form the ones above and what humans know are gardens. The garden is a maze like structure completely painted in white with jagged black lines, surrounded by plants and nature. The garden is meant to be interactive and played with. My favorite image is of the garden itself but full of visitors playing in it, and sitting on it like a real park.
Stowe Garden--Where, when, what's your favorite image?
Stowe House is a Grade I listed country house located in Stowe, Buckinghamshire, England. It is the home of Stowe School, an independent school and is owned by the Stowe House Preservation Trust. It opened in 1683, and was the home of the Crowe family. The Stowe Landscape gardens, represent the English garden style. Different owners added things to the estate. The property has influences of different architecture of Greek and Roman architecture. My favorite image is of the Temple of Concord and Victory, which shows clear influence of Greek architecture with the ionic columns and the pediment.
Stourhead Garden--Where, when, what's your favorite image?
The Stourden estate has a Palladian house and very famous gardens. Stourhead first opened in the 1740s. It is an 1,072-hectare (2,650-acre) estate at the source of the River Stour near Mere, Wiltshire, England. The estate includes a Palladian mansion, the village of Stourton, gardens, farmland, and woodland. Stourhead is part owned by the National Trust since 1946, after being inherited and sold by many previous owners, each adding their part. There is much influence of Roman and Greek architecture throughout the estate. My favorite image is of the Bristol High Cross with he bridge and the Pantheon replica behind it. I love how the cross is pure Roman Catholic church architecture, the aqueduct looking bridge, and the replica of the pantheon show direct influence of the Roman culture on English property.
The Arlington Cemetery is the place that sticks out the most out of all the sights I had the pleasure to see in D.C. There are so many beautiful monuments, museums, and parks in washington D.C, but this one is my favorite. The Arlington cemetery was made during the civil war on the property of the Arlington House, which had been the estate of the family of Confederate general Robert E. Lee's wife Marry Anna Lee. There is the amphitheater, Kennedy’s burial sight, the Arlington, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, beautiful gardens, and rolling hills of tombstones. The design of the perfectly white tombstones, communicates a clean peaceful sight, but organized like an army. You can get an eerie feeling thinking of all those who died fighting for our country, but the sight is amazing. My favorite image is of the rolling fields of the tombstones, which start looking like a white sea past a certain point.
Viscaya Museum--Why is this in Miami? What is it named after? Who is responsible for it being built? Where, when, what's your favorite image?
Vizcaya was built in Miami as a summer home for James Deering. He was a snow bird with hope to better his health in the warmer climate. Part of the reasons why he chose to build it specifically in Miami was because his father already had made a home in Coconut Grove. The name “Vizcaino” was the name of a Spanish explorer, which Deering was very interested in the New Age Explorers. He wanted to modify the name and call his estate “Vizcaya.” He explained that he found the name Vizcaya to be “pretty in itself,” easily pronounced and evocative both of Spain and the Biscayne Bay location of his winter home. He got artifacts from european cultures and brought it over to his home the same way the New Age Explorers did. He hired Paul Chalfin who provided artistic oversight, Francis Burrall Hoffman, Jr. brought professional knowledge of architecture, and Diego Suarez provided landscape architecture expertise. The property includes a beautiful Villa with preserved European styled rooms, the gardens, and the boat structure on the water by the villa. My favorite image is of an aerial view of the property by the water from 19- (an unknown exact year when the picture was taken) in which looked like the peak of its maintenance. There was green grass in areas that are just coral and concrete now, and way more trees and shrubbery then now.
Fairchild gets its name from one of the most famous plant explorers in history, David Fairchild (1869-1954). Dr. Fairchild was known for traveling the world in search of useful plants, but he was also an educator and a renowned scientist. He explored all the continents of the world, except Antartica, in finding for plants of use to the American people. Dr. Fairchild retired to Miami in 1935 and joined a group of passionate plant collectors and horticulturists, including retired accountant Col. Robert H. Montgomery, environmentalist Marjory Stoneman Douglas, County Commissioner Charles Crandon and landscape architect William Lyman Phillips. This core group worked tirelessly to bring the idea of a one of a kind botanic garden to life, and in 1938, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden opened its 83 acres to the public for the first time. The garden keeps growing in its collection of tropical plants and art installations. One of my favorite images of Dale Chihuly’s blown glass sculptures in between the real plants. His sculptures are so rare and colorful, mimicking the characteristics of the tropical plants around them.
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